Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a known cause of hyperkalaemia?

1. Drugs

2. Dehydration

3. Diuretics

4. Normovolemia

The correct answer is: Drugs

Hyperkalaemia, characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood, can be caused by various factors, with certain medications playing a significant role. Certain drug classes, particularly those that affect renal function or potassium handling, are known to contribute to increased potassium levels. For example, medications such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, potassium-sparing diuretics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause or exacerbate hyperkalaemia, especially in patients with compromised renal function or other risk factors. While dehydration and certain diuretics can influence potassium levels, dehydration typically leads to a concentration of potassium rather than true hyperkalaemia, as overall body potassium can decrease in this state. Diuretics, particularly those that are not potassium-sparing, usually promote the excretion of potassium, thus helping to mitigate hyperkalaemia rather than cause it. Normovolemia, which indicates a normal volume of blood and body fluids, is not a causative factor for hyperkalaemia; in fact, maintaining normal fluid balance is crucial in preventing electrolyte abnormalities. Consequently, among the choices given, the role of drugs stands out as a well-established cause of hyperkalaemia.