Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) Practice Exam

Which of the following can steroids lead to in patients over time?

1. Increased muscle mass

2. Stomach ulcers

3. Enhanced immune response

4. Decreased blood pressure

The correct answer is: Stomach ulcers

Steroids, particularly corticosteroids, can lead to the development of stomach ulcers over time due to their influence on the gastrointestinal tract. These medications can impair the mucosal defense mechanisms in the stomach, reducing the production of protective mucus and bicarbonate, and increasing gastric acid secretion. This change can cause damage to the stomach lining, making it more susceptible to irritation and ulceration, especially when used over long periods or in higher doses. The other options highlight potential effects or benefits associated with steroid use, but they do not align with the most significant risks associated with long-term steroid treatment. For example, while anabolic steroids might lead to increased muscle mass, this is not typically the primary concern with corticosteroids, which are primarily associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, steroids generally suppress the immune response rather than enhance it, which can lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Lastly, corticosteroids are known to raise blood pressure rather than lower it, as they can lead to fluid retention and alterations in electrolyte balance.