Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) Practice Exam

Which antihypertensive medications are known to cause electrolyte imbalances?

1. Beta Blockers

2. ACE Inhibitors

3. Calcium Channel Blockers

4. Diuretics

The correct answer is: Diuretics

Diuretics are well-known for their ability to cause electrolyte imbalances due to their mechanism of action. They work by promoting increased urine production, which in turn leads to the excretion of not only water but also essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. This can result in conditions such as hypokalemia (low potassium levels) or hyponatremia (low sodium levels), depending on the specific type of diuretic used (e.g., thiazide vs. loop diuretics). In contrast, while beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers may have some influence on electrolyte levels, their primary actions do not target renal excretion in the same way that diuretics do. Therefore, they are less commonly associated with causing significant electrolyte disturbances. Understanding the distinct actions of these medication classes is crucial, especially when monitoring patients for potential side effects, particularly in those on long-term diuretic therapy or those with underlying kidney issues.