Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) Practice Exam

What is an indication of potential renal failure in a patient?

1. Low blood pressure

2. Elevated cholesterol levels

3. Presence of protein in urine

4. Dizziness

The correct answer is: Presence of protein in urine

The presence of protein in urine is a significant indicator of potential renal failure, as it suggests that the kidneys are not functioning properly. Normally, healthy kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood while retaining larger molecules like proteins. When the kidneys are damaged or diseased, they may allow protein to leak into the urine, a condition known as proteinuria. In the context of renal failure, the detection of protein in the urine can indicate that there is ongoing kidney injury or a decline in renal function, prompting further investigation and management to mitigate potential progression to more severe renal impairment. Although low blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and dizziness can provide important clinical insights, they are not specific indicators of renal failure. Low blood pressure may be related to various issues, including dehydration or shock, while elevated cholesterol levels can be caused by numerous factors unrelated to renal function. Dizziness can also result from many other conditions, such as orthostatic hypotension or inner ear problems. Thus, the presence of protein in urine stands out as a direct marker for evaluating kidney health.